Currently, a wide range of nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), are being investigated as possible carriers of radionuclides for nuclear medicine as a part of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs). The present work considers the possibility of using nanodiamonds (ND) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their derivatives to act as a potential basis for RPs containing bismuth which have radioisotopes ^212,213Bi for targeted alpha-therapy. To study this, the kinetics of Bi(III) sorption onto selected CNMs in aqueous media with different pH, as well as Bi(III) desorption from these samples by a solution of fetal bovine serum at 37 ˚C were investigated. The optimal conditions for the sorption of Bi(III) onto the studied CNMs were found; it was shown that oxidized ND was the most promising carrier for bismuth isotopes: sorption at pH 3 to 7 for this sample was close to quantitative, and desorption in 120 min does not exceed 5 %. The cytotoxicity of CNMs was investigated in the standard MTT test, it was shown that LC₅₀ for all studied samples was > 200 μg/mL.

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A. G. Kazakov, B. L. Garashchenko, J. S. Babenya, M. K. Ivanova, S. E. Vinokurov, B. F. Myasoedov, "Nanodiamonds and carbon nanotubes as perspective carriers of bismuth isotopes for nuclear medicine," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 1-6, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.01

Accessibility is an important part of quality of medical care and depends on the technical resources, infrastructure of a site, clinical stuff and work management. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) which define the quality of processes influence work load. Purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and organizational changes in the technology of kilovoltage therapy for NMSC within the dayhospital department after implementation of new clinical guidelines and fraction regimes in compare with previously used schemes; derive a mathematical model of the work for the kilovoltage therapy unit. Materials and methods. Data from the kilovoltage therapy unit of the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary (SROD) were undertaken. Timekeeping was used for calculation the average duration of radiotherapy sessions per patient. The results were evaluated using correlation analysis. To forecast the need for material and human resources, an economic method of mathematical modeling was used. Results. The analysis of the kilovoltage therapy unit of radiotherapy department of the SROD for 3 years showed an increase from 10.4 to 17.3 in the average number of therapeutic fractions per patient after the implementation of the updated clinical guidelines. An increase in the average number of radiotherapy sessions leads to a doubling of the average bed-day of the patient's stay in the day-hospital. The formula was proposed for predicting the work of the unit. There is a clear correlation between the duration of treatment, the dynamics of hospitalization and the number of treated patients. The obtained results using a mathematical model fully correspond to the actual performance of the radiotherapy unit. Conclusion. To ensure optimal availability of medical care, it is necessary to match treatment technologies with available resources of the organization. The introduction of new treatment programs may require the expansion of staff, increase the quantity of medical equipment. The obtained mathematical model of the kilovoltage therapy unit allows to predict the optimal mode of work while maintaining the quality and accessibility of medical care.

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Julya Zuenkova, Lev Izurov, "Forecasting the kilovoltage therapy unit with the mathematical model," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 7–10, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.02

This article summarizes the results of our research on the possibility of using a magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP) matrix to solve the problem of immobilization of radioactive waste (RW) generated during reprocessing of mixed uranium plutonium nitride spent nuclear fuel. We used CaCO ₃ as a surrogate of waste containing ¹⁴C, as well as an aqueous solution of 41.6% LiCl-52.9% KCl-5.5% CsCl as a surrogate of the spent electrolyte formed during the pyrochemical fuel reprocessing. The mechanical, radiation and hydrolytic stability of the obtained compounds were investigated. It was found that the compounds have a high compressive strength of 17–26 MPa. The minimum carryover of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the synthesis and keeping of the samples for 14 days was noted - no more than 3 wt%. It was found that the change of the matrix phase occurs during the irradiation by accelerated electrons during the accumulation of the absorbed dose of 10⁸ Gy. In this case, the leaching rate of components of the compound including irradiated one corresponds to the current regulatory requirements for materials for RW immobilization. The differential leaching rate of Cs at 25 °C from monolithic samples containing LiCl-KCl-CsCl on the 91^st day of samples contact with water was (5–11) × 10^-5 g/(cm² ·day) (according to GOST R 52126-2003 test), and was (4–29) × 10 ⁻⁷ g/(cm²∙day) on the 7^th day at 90 °C from crushed samples (in accordance with PCT standard). The thermal stability of the compound containing LiCl-KCl-CsCl up to 450 °C was shown.

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S.E. Vinokurov, S.A. Kulikova, "Magnesium potassium phosphate matrix for the immobilization of radioactive waste generated during the reprocessing of mixed uranium plutonium nitride spent nuclear fuel," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 11–17, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.03

. In this article we present the first results of a study of the dose load received by a medical team working with an angiographic X-ray system in the Department of Invasive Cardiology. In the first stage, we made measurements of the equivalent dose received by an interventional cardiologist for the most commonly used projections of the С-arm, because we do not take into account the impact of the relevant tissue in the body that is irradiated. The measurements were made at three points of the cardiologist’s body: head, gonads and feet. The purpose of this first step is to determine at which position of the patient table the operating cardiologist receives the lowest dose load for the most commonly used С-arm projections. From the obtained results it is reasonable to conclude that the factory set zero position of the patient table gives the lowest dose load for most of the projections used.

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Natasha Ivanova, Javor Ivanov, Bistra Manusheva, Ismet Tahsinov, Hrisimir Todorov, Nikolai Aleksandrov, "Dose load to the interventional cardiologist for different positions of the patient table - first results," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 18–22, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.04

The purpose of the work was to study the growth of solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and the remote effects (duration of remission, relapse rate, and average lifespan) in tumor-bearing mice exposed to oligofractionated irradiation with the pencil beam scanning of protons (PBSP) at a total dose of 60 Gy depending on the volume of the tissue being irradiated. Experiments were carried out on eight-to nine-week-old SHK male mice. Mice were irradiated with two fractions, 30 Gy each. In order to determine the volume of irradiated tissue, a tomogram of a mouse in a water phantom was obtained, and a gross tumor volume (GTV) that is equal to the average size of 470 mm ³ from all mice was specified using a specially developed 3D planning system. In another group of animals, the irradiated tissue region was increased to the planning target volume (PTV), which was equal to 1500 mm ³ . An analysis of EAC growth dynamics during the first month showed higher irradiation efficiency in mice with a smaller irradiated volume (the GTV group) compared with the PTV group. In the group with GTV irradiation, survival was higher: the maximum life expectancy in mice without relapse was 5 months longer, and in mice with relapse it was 3 months longer than in the PTV group. The average lifespan (AL) of mice with EAC relapses in the group with GTV irradiation was higher compared to the group with PTV irradiation (96 and 77 days after irradiation or 58 and 31 days after the occurrence of a relapse, respectively; p ≤ 0.01). The AL of mice without tumors was also notably longer in the GTV group: 283 days compared to 228 days after PTV irradiation (p ≤ 0.01).

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T. A. Belyakova, V. E. Balakin, O. M. Rozanova, E. N. Smirnova, N. S. Strelnikova, A. E. Shemyakov, S. S. Sorokina, S. I. Zaichkina, "The impact of target volumes of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma irradiated with a pencil scanning beam of protons at a total dose of 60 Gy on the tumor growth and remote effects in mice," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 23–27, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.05

Cancer diseases are a problem with worldwide importance. However, the the lack of selectivity and induction of toxic side effect during conventional cancer therapy continue to provoke the search of innovative treatment approaches. Recent scientific results have reported for synergistic effect between combination of natural products and chemotherapeutic drugs. In this aspect, flavonoids, which are widely distributed in nature, are well known to exhibit numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti inflammatory, anti viral and anti cancer effects and may also, play a role in cancer prevention. In the present study, the effects of low concentrations of catechin hydrate and epigallocatechin, Acacia Catechu spay-dried extract, on cell viability of leukemia lymphocytes were investigated and compared, in order to provide an experimental basis for their future incorporation into newly-synthesized biopolymer particles.

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Donika Ivanova, Zvezdelina Yaneva, "Comparative analysis of the anti-proliferative effect of natural products catechin hydrate and epigallocatechin (extract) applied on leukemia lymphocytes," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 28–31, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.06

All life on our planet is surrounded by radiation. Human life takes place with a certain level of radiation. The term psychologically is used primarily to explain the emotional reactions of the public, on issues in relation to which one should have a rational relationship because every story about radiation causes fear and rejection in an “unprofessional” and “conscientious” citizen. Over the past seventy years, a general opinion has been created through the mass media about the deadly effects of radiation. Apart from the real fear, which arises from the feeling of ecological endangerment, and which is based on the objective dangers of modern technologies, irrational fear is inevitably born. It is a generalization of all human subjective sufferings within the framework of “overestimated” reality. The feeling of fear that we are exposed to radiation can have far greater consequences than the actual harmful effects of physical radiation. The aim of this paper is to identify the psychological effects that radiation can cause in humans and how to overcome fear and stressful situations caused by radiation and the effect of psychosocial factors on human behavior, but also elements for prognosis and prediction for their behavior in similar situations. There is a justified concern when the risk of radiation appears, but the reality is far from the amount of panic that is spreading in the public and the media when it comes to these phenomena. We can conclude that people are generally afraid of radiation because their beliefs are dominated by misconceptions, delusions, or opinions that are the product of errors of judgment or are based on false premises.

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Snežana Živković, Milan Veljković, "Psychological aspects of ionizing radiation exposure," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 32–38, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.07

The aim of this study is to assess the potential of prolonged UV irradiation to induce genotoxic alteration in Poaceae species cultivated in laboratory and in mountain conditions. Changes in natural environment increase to a great extent with altitude. In natural ecosystems plants are exposed to UV and other environmental factors for more than one period of time of 10, 20, 30 or 43 days. Four wild species: Poa alpina L., Sesleria coerulans Friv., Festuca valida (R. Uechtr.) Pénzes, Dactylis glomerata L., characteristic of the ecosystems in Rila Mountain at three different altitudes (1500m, 1782m, and 2925m) were collected in three successive growing seasons (2017, 2018, 2019). Five-days old model plant Hordeum vulgare L. was cultivated and exposed to UV irradiation in laboratory conditions for periods of 10, 20, 30 and 43 days. Induction of micronuclei was applied as endpoint. We propose that: i) prolonged irradiation as well as its increase with altitude could induce higher genotoxic injuries in plants; ii) wild plants in mountainous and alpine biotopes are well adapted to the environmental conditions where a combination of abiotic stress factors can occur. Our results show variability in the response to UV irradiation between plant species cultivated in laboratory conditions and wild plants in natural environment where UV is combined with other abiotic stress factors. Micronuclei induced in H. vulgare in laboratory conditions were with higher frequency than those in plants growing in mountain conditions. It could be due to the fact that in laboratory conditions we studied the effect of a single factor and for a limited period of time, while in the natural environment the effect of prolonged UV irradiation is combined with other abiotic stress factors. Plant species at the highest altitude of 2925 m had a well pronounced low level of damage, despite expected high level of damage. It is well known that plants’ response is modified when the effect of UV irradiation is combined with other factors. Further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanisms of interaction between factors and plant responses to the changing environmental conditions. Based on this and on future monitoring studies it could be possible to select sensitive monitor/model Poaceae species for the following comparative environmental impact assessments in laboratory and in mountain conditions.

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Tsveta Angelova, Nikolai Tyutyundzhiev, Christo Angelov, Svetla Gateva, Gabriele Jovtchev, "Induction of micronuclei after prolonged UV irradiation of Poaceae species cultivated in laboratory conditions and wild-growing in Rila mountain," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 39–44, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.08

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human lactoferrin (hLf) in mice exposed to acute sublethal gamma-irradiation. C57Вl/6 male mice were used for the experiments. Animals from experimental groups were exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy. Some animals received an intraperitoneal injection of lactoferrin (Lf) immediately and then at 24 hours after the irradiation. The effect of Lf on survival rate and life span was studied. Changes in the physiological parameters were evaluated by laser correlation spectroscopy of blood serum, histological examination of the liver, and blood leukocyte shift index count on day 30 after irradiation. The Lf administration increased the survival rate and life span of irradiated mice during the experiment. In addition, Lf had a compensatory effect on the white blood formula, serum composition and liver condition of irradiated animals.

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Marina Yu. Kopaeva, Irina B. Alchinova, Mikhail V. Nesterenko, Anton B. Cherepov, Marina S. Demorzhi, Irina Yu. Zarayskaya, Mikhail Yu. Karganov, "Radioprotective effect of human lactoferrin against gamma-irradiation with sublethal dose," RAD Conf. Proc http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.09

Introduction . The study aim to present the diagnostic capabilities of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) for determining the localization and shape of stenoses in patients with peripheral lung carcinoma. Materials and methods. A systemic study was performed on 90 patients, 61 patients of them (67.78%) are men and 29 (32.23%) are women, 44-85 years of age, with endobronchial disease, using the FB and VB methods, over the period 2013-2020. Results. As a result of the study of 220 patients aged 11-83 years (54.36 ± 17.24), in 90 patients after VB (40.91%; 61 men - 67.78% and 29 women - 32.23%) and in 86 patients after FB (39.09%; 61 men - 70.93% and 25 women - 29.07%) peripheral lung carcinoma was found. Cases of men diagnosed with VB and FB with peripheral left carcinoma predominate (65.38% and 71.43%, respectively) compared to those in women (34.62% and 28.57%, respectively) and as well as with regard to cases with peripheral right carcinoma. Significant differences in the size of the stenoses were found in both sexes with peripheral carcinoma (U = 4.112, P = 0.0000). Conclusion. VB allows high-quality visualization of stenoses and poststenotic areas that cannot be achieved with FB in peripherally located processes. Through VB peripheral branches of 5-6 order can be reached. VB makes it possible to examine the areas located after the tumour formation.

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21. T. Adachi, H. Machida, M. Nishikawa, T. Arai, T. Kariyasu, M. Koyanagi, K. Yokoyama, “Improved delineation of CT virtual bronchoscopy by ultrahigh resolution CT: comparison among different reconstruction parameters”, Jpn J Radiol., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 884-889, Apr. 2020.
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Mitko Mitev, Evelin Obretenov, "Localization and shape of stenoses in peripheral lung carcinoma diagnosed by methods of VB and FB," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 50–54, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.10

In this article, we present some first results of the study of the dose load on a medical team working with an angiographic X-ray system in the Department of Invasive Cardiology. In the first stage, we made measurements of the dose received by an interventional cardiologist for the most commonly used projections of the C-arm. The measurements were made at three different points of the body of the cardiologist: head, gonads and feet. The aim of this article is to determine, based on the measurements, how the dose load is distributed at different points of the body of the cardiologist when various projections of the C-arm of the angiographic system and at different positions of the patient’s table are used. The obtained results indicate the point “Gonads” to receive the highest dose load and “Head” as the point with the lowest dose load.

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Natasha Ivanova, Javor Ivanov, Bistra Manusheva, Ismet Tahsinov, Hrisimir Todorov, Nikolai Aleksandrov, "Dose load to different parts of the body of the interventional cardiologist - first results," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 55–59, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.11

Proton therapy is used today to treat many cancers and is particularly appropriate in situations where surgery options are limited, and conventional radiotherapy presents unacceptable risks to patients. A few years ago, it was suggested that an increase of up to a factor of two of the doses at the proton Bragg peak could be achieved if boron is accumulated in the tumor tissues. The mechanism responsible for a higher dose was suggested to be related to proton-boron fusion reactions, leading to the production of high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) α-particles. Nowadays there are single works showing the effectiveness of proton beam irradiation boron-11-containing cancer cells. A limited number of the studies devoted to the application of 11B(p,3a) nuclear reaction in proton therapy and lack of consistency in their results do not allow to judge about the prospects of the boron-containing drugs utilization in proton therapy to increase its antitumor efficacy. In this work, we experimentally test the possibility to enhance proton biological effectiveness in boron-11-containing cancer cells in vitro. Human glioblastoma cells were pre-incubated with boron compound (Na₂B ₄O₇, sodium tetraborate) and irradiated with increasing doses 2-8 Gy at the proton Bragg peak. To test whether the physical nuclear reaction 11B(p,3a) results in an enhancement of the cancer cell death by high-energy proton beam irradiation, cell lines were also irradiated with graded doses 2-8 Gy using
γ-ray source. The ability of boron compound to activate the cancer cell death with protons at the Bragg peak irradiation was shown in vitro. At the same time, weaker similar effect was determined for gamma-irradiation that may indicate not only the physical nature of influence boron at irradiated cancer cell viability but a specific biological effect. The data suggest that the combined effect of proton therapy with ¹¹B on glioma cells increases their sensitivity to proton irradiation with low toxicity of the boron compound for cells of normal morphology.

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Dmitry Lebedev, Luiza Garaeva, Vladimir Burdakov, Andrey Volnitskiy, Natalya Razgildina, Alina Garina, Dmitry Amerkanov, Fedor Pack, Konstantin Shabalin, Evgeniy Ivanov, Victor Ezhov, Andrey Konevega, Tatiana Shtam,"Radiosensitizing effect of boron enhances the effectiveness of proton therapy in vitro," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 60–65, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.12

he aim of the study is to assess the role of the surgical technique and liver response in the development of complications after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of liver arteries using drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). The study included 34 patients who underwent 52 DEB-TACE with drug-saturated microspheres in 2014 - 2020. CT and MRI were performed for follow-up and if complications were suspected. The modification of the surgical technique made it possible to avoid complications from the vascular wall and non-target embolization. Stages of complications from the bile ducts can be diagnosed on CT and MRI. This can help slow down the further development of the process. Separate patients at risk groups based on previous treatment prevent of developing severe complications.

1. R.J. Lewandowski, M.F. Mulcahy, L.M. Kulik et al. “Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma” Radiology, vol. 255, no. 3, pp. 955-965, Jun. 2010.
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3. Y. Xiao-Dan, Y. Zuguo, Z. Hang et al. “Radiological biomarkers for assessing response to locoregional therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: From morphological to functional imaging”, Oncology reports, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 1337-1346, 2017.
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4. J. Chung, J-S. Yu, J. H. Kim et al. “Haemodynamic events and localised parenchymal changes following transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation for hepatic malignancy: interpretation of imaging findings”. The British Journal of Radiology, no. 83, pp. 71–81, 2010.
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5. А.М. Бабунашвили, Д.П. Дундуа, З.А. Кавтеладзе, Д.С. Карташов, Переход с трансбедренного на трансрадиальный доступ в практике интервенционной кардиологии: сможет ли стать трансрадиальный доступ методом выбора? // Международный журнал интервенционной кардиоангиологии, ― 2005, ― №7, ― С. 73. [A.M. Babunashvili, D.P. Dundua, Z.A. Kavteladze, D.S. Kartashov, The transition from transfemoral to transradial access in the practice of interventional cardiology: can transradial access be the method of choice? // International Journal of Interventional Cardioangiology, 2005 (7):73. (In Russian)]
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8. J. C. Spina, M. Ulla, E.L. Yeyati, M.C. Kucharczyk, H. Irusta, J.L. Savluk et al. “MDCT findings after hepatic chemoembolization with DC-beads: What the radiologist needs to know”, Abdominal Imaging, vol. 38, pp. 778–784, 2013.
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Elena Zvezdkina, Dmitry Lebedev, Anna Kedrova, Yulia Stepanova, Dmitry Astakhov, Dmitry Panchenkov, "Multidisciplinary approach in the prevention and treatment of complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of liver arteries,", RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 66–68, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.13

We studied the dependence of cancer incidence in the young children (0-4 years old) population of the Khabarovsk Territory (Russia) with the number of forest fires and solar radiation. It was established that the number of forest fires 2 years before the birth of children is associated with the incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma, in the year of birth - with incidence of neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma. Fires that occurred 1 year after the birth of children had a linkage with the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system. The sunspot number 1 year before the birth of children was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, in the year of birth - with sarcomas of soft tissues, 3 years after birth - with a Wilms tumor. Leukemia incidence was found to be related both to the number of forest fires 2 years before the birth of children and to the sunspot number 3 years after their birth. For the combined group of embryonic tumors a significant link was found with the number of fires per year of birth, and the radiation of the Sun 1 year after the birth of children. Thus, fluctuations in the incidence of cancer in young children are associated with long-term changes over many years of the complex of environmental factors. We called this phenomenon “Alternative oncogenesis”, implying a change in the incidence and spectrum of tumors over a certain period of time due to changes in the parameters of the complex of environmental factors.

1. S. K. Pinaev, O. G. Pinaeva, A. Ya. Chizhov, “Environmentally-induced alternative oncogenesis: EROS arrows”, Actual Problems of Ecology and Environmental Management: Cooperation for Sustainable Development and Environmental Safety (APEEM 2020) , E3S Web of Conferences 169, 04006, 2020
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2. S. K. Pinaev, O. G. Pinaeva, A. Ya. Chizhov, “About the role of environmental factors in carcinogenesis”, Actual Problems of Ecology and Environmental Management: Cooperation for Sustainable Development and Environmental Safety (APEEM 2020) , E3S Web of Conferences 169, 04003, 2020.
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6. С. К. Пинаев, А. Я. Чижов, “Альтернативный онкогенез. “Системная динамика экологических факторов при новообразованиях у детей”, Успехи молекулярной онкологии, т. 5, no. 4, Приложение, стр. 18-19, 2018 (S. K. Pinaev, A. Ya. Chizhov, “Alternative oncogenesis. Systemic dynamics of environmental factors in neoplasms in children”, Adv. Mol. Oncol. App., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 18-19, 2018).
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7. А. Я. Чижов, С. К. Пинаев, “Системный анализ влияния солнечной радиации и дыма лесных пожаров на риск лейкоза у детей”, Радиация и риск, том 27, нo. 4, pp. 87-94, 2018. (A. Ya. Chizhov, S. K. Pinaev, “Effects of solar radiation and woodsmoke on risk of childhood leukaemia: system analysis”, Radiation and Risk, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 87-94, 2018).
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8. А. Я. Чижов, С. К. Пинаев, С. З. Савин, “Экологически обусловленный оксидативный стресс как фактор онкогенеза”, Технологии живых систем, том 9, нo. 1, стр. 47-53, 2012 (A.Ya. Chizhov, S.K. Pinaev, S. Z. Savin, “Environmentally-related oxidative stress as a carcinogenesis factor”, Technologies of Living Systems , vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47-53, 2012).
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S.K. Pinaev, "The influence of solar radiation and forest fires smoke on sporadic fluctuations of neoplasms incidence in children," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 69–71, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.14

For postprostatectomy patients at higher risk of nodal involvement the irradiation of pelvic lymph nodes may improve the therapeutic ratio. However, whole pelvic radiotherapy results in increased doses delivered to the pelvic bones’ marrow and other OARs. The aim of this study was to compare IMRT and VMAT techniques in terms of sparing of pelvic bones. The VMAT and IMRT plans were created for ten patients. Treatment plans were generated for prostate bed (PTV1) and pelvic lymph nodes (PTV2). The delivered mean dose to the sum of PTV1 and PTV2 was 46Gy in 23 fractions and additionally a mean dose of 18Gy in 9 fractions was prescribed to PTV1. The target coverage and the OARs sparing were compared across techniques. The following OARs were delineated: pelvic bones, bowel bag, rectum and bladder. The following dose volume parameters were compared using the Wilcoxon test: pelvic bones V30Gy[%], V40Gy[%], the bowel bag V30Gy[cc], V45Gy[cc], rectum V40Gy[%], V50Gy[%], V60Gy[%] and bladder V40Gy[%], V50Gy[%], V60Gy[%]. The target coverage in VMAT and IMRT plans was comparable. The value of PTV1 V95% and PTV2 V95% were both >99%. The VMAT plans result in decrease of pelvic bones V30Gy[%] and significant increase of the following parameters: rectum V60Gy[%], bladder V60Gy[%] and bowel bag V30Gy[cc]. Differences between values of V40Gy[%] and V50Gy[%] for bladder and rectum across mentioned techniques were statistically not significant. A comparison between VMAT and IMRT techniques showed, that the VMAT technique reduces the delivered dose to pelvic bones and thus also to red marrow. However, IMRT provided better sparing at higher doses for rectum, bladder and bowel bag. These results should be taken into consideration when VMAT and IMRT techniques being used in the whole pelvic radiotherapy of patients after radical prostatectomy.

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7. R. Wortel, L. Incrocci, F. Pos, et al. “Image-guided IMRT reduces late toxicity compared to 3D-CRT for prostate cancer,” Radiother. Oncol., vol. 119, pp. S346-S347, Apr. 2016.
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8. H. E. Carter, A. Martin, D. Schofield, et al. “A decision model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) compared to three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in patients receiving radiotherapy to the prostate bed,” Radiother. Oncol., vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 187-193, Aug. 2014.
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9. S. Katayama, T. Striecker, K. Kessel, et al. “Hypofractionated IMRT of the prostate bed after radical prostatectomy: acute toxicity in the PRIAMOS-1 Trial,” Radiother. Oncol., vol. 90, no.4, pp. 926-933, Nov. 2014.
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Maria Poncyljusz, Wojciech Bulski, "Assessing the role of VMAT relative to IMRT for patients after prostatectomy in terms of sparing pelvic bones," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 72–75, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.15

IPMN is a borderline malignant epithelial tumor that develops in the pancreatic duct and/or its lateral branches from mucin-producing cells. The aim is to evaluate the capabilities of radiology diagnostic methods in assessing IPMN, based on the analysis of literature data and personal experience. From 2004 to 2019, at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery (A.V. Vishnevsky NMRC of Surgery), 96 patients were examined and treated with morphologically verified IPMN, aged from 38 to 80, with a somewhat larger share of men (57.3%). Patients were subjected to the complete radiology examination: ultrasound (in B-mode and duplex scanning, with 3D reconstruction, if it’s necessary), multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement. The following types of IPMN have been diagnosed: MD-IPMN - 19 cases (19.8%), BD-IPMN - 46 cases (47.9%), combined-IPMN – 31 cases (32.3%). The criteria of radiology diagnostics of the IPMN are as follows: extended duct throughout its range; thickening of its walls; parietal papillary proliferations of varying degrees of severity; possible single expanded segmental ducts and tumor masses around the main pancreatic duct. The MRCP is the priority method of diagnostics. In accordance with the criteria of tumor malignancy, 56 (58.3%) patients were operated on, 40 (41.7%) were under observation: Type 1: operated on - 17 (89.5%); are under observation - 2 (10.5%); Type 2: operated on - 12 (26.1%); are under observation - 34 (73.9%); Type 3: operated on - 27 (87.1%); are under observation - 4 (12.9%). Thus, dynamic monitoring is carried out mainly for type II tumors. Despite the increase in the availability of radiological methods of examination, the diagnosis of IPMN can be difficult. Current guidelines provide indications for surgery and recommendations for surveillance, but management of IPMN is still challenging in routine clinical practice. Due to the high risk of tumor malignancy in types 1 and 3, timely correct diagnosis and determination of further treatment tactics are extremely important. MRI is a priority method for the diagnosis of IPMN, however, in some cases, the involvement of at least two methods of radiology diagnostics allows to establish the nature of the disease and determine the tactics of treatment.

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Yulia A. Stepanova, "Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: Radiology methods in the definition of treatment tactics," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 76–80, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.16

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of gaseous radiolytic hydrogen using gas chromatography, which is produced irradiating the mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons of mesitylene and m-xylene in the chamber of the pelletized cold moderator of the IBR-2 reactor during post-irrradiation heating. As it is shown, the hydrogen concentration in the operating mode of the moderator at 22K in the chamber and a reactor power of 1.6 MW does not exceed 0.13%. After post-irradiation heating, with variations of temperature from 20K to 293K, and zero reactor power, the maximum hydrogen concentration is 22.5%. A conclusion is drawn that such concentration of hydrogen in an inert atmosphere of helium cannot lead to the production of an explosive mixture in the moderator chamber in close vicinity to the IBR-2 reactor core.

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M.V. Bulavin, A. Yskakov, K.A. Mukhin, "Measurement of the concentration of radiolytic hydrogen in the chamber of the pelletized cryogenic moderator of the IBR-2 reactor using gas chromatography," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 81–84, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.17

According to the report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 100 different factors of chemical and physical nature are recognized as carcinogenic. Many ecological factors provide their potential through environmentally related oxidative stress (EROS) induction, which can be considered as an “assemblage point” of various environmental factors into a single oncogenic vector. Based on the role of EROS in oncogenesis, measures for the prevention of all forms of malignant neoplasms have to include means that improve antioxidant protection by stimulating autophagy and Transfer Factor for an effective immunorehabilitation.

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S.K. Pinaev, "Environmentally related oxidative stress (EROS) in children carcinogenesis: An overview and own data," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 85–89, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.18

Metabolic derangements in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are associated primarily with the carbohydrate and lipid levels disturbances. Increased flow of free fatty acids (FFAs) into the blood that is coming from the adipocytes as well as an elevated flux of FFAs from de novo lipid synthesis in the liver contribute to these metabolic disturbances. Previous studies suggested a strong association of the hepatic activity of certain enzymes, such as aspartate and alanine transferase (AST, ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with the progression of T2D. In this study, the potential association of the hepatic activities of the liver enzymes and FFAs levels in T2D was examined. Analysis of the activities of ALT, AST, GGT and AP, as well levels of FFAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile was performed in 40 healthy control and 71 diabetic subjects. All participants were free of hepatitis, viral infections or active liver damage. The results showed a positive association between levels of palmitic and oleic acids with ALT activity (p<0.05), while the activity of GGT was significantly associated with the levels of palmitic, stearic, and oleic fatty acids (p<0.01). Interestingly, in control group, a positive correlation was found between palmitoleic acid levels with ALT activity (p<0.05), and a negative correlation palmitoleic acid with ALP activity (p<0.05) was observed. Obtained data suggest that an elevation of free fatty acid levels and the hepatic fat accumulation in insulin-resistant conditions affect the hepatic enzymes activities, which might contribute further to the progression of Type 2 diabetes and its complications.

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Šaćira Mandal, "Free fatty acids and hepatic activity in type 2 diabetes," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 90–94, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.19

The hair (one of skin derivatives) structure is polymorphic, therefore the study of its specific features has diagnostic value. Nowadays, the main methods for the wool species determining are either microscopy of hair in transmitted light, or light microscopy. The relevance of the work is caused by the need to study hair and its alkaline hydrolysates using the simplest, fastest and most modern biophysical methods in order to create a laboratory test system in the future. To determine the species of animal hair, the possibility of using of the following biophysical methods was studied: polarization-interference microscopy, reflected light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and redox-measurement. Hair of different color, shape, length and thickness from animals of various classes, families and species were selected as samples. The possibilities of each method, their advantages and disadvantages were studied in samples selected. It is shown that the effectiveness of luminescence microscopy and reflected light microscopy are limited, and techniques cannot be recognized as reliably informative. The method of polarization-interference microscopy is one the most promising and can serve as alternative to reflected light microscopy. The possibility of the new redox-measurement method has been revealed. The authors have developed a special device for redox measurements and tested it in laboratory practice. The probability of the presence of a different number of absorption bands in the absorption spectra (hair species from various animals) is proven by spectrophotometric method. This allows to use ultraviolet spectrophotometry for the hair species identification. According to the authors, the most informative in laboratory identification of animal hair samples will be provided using the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method combined with the redox-potential measurement in alkaline wool hydrolysates.

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A.A. Oleshkevich , S.A. Komarova, A.A. Guselnikova, E.I. Yarygina, "Laboratory examination technique for animal skin derivatives (hair, wool, fluff)," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 95–100, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.20

The aim of the recent study was to assess the extent of catechin hydrate release from newly synthesized bioflavanol-loaded chitosan-based particles. The biopolymer particles were prepared by a modified ion gelation method. The synthesized biopolymer particles were divided into two series: Series 1 - washed with ethanol and stored in 70% EtOH at 4^oC, and Series 2 - washed with EtOH, dried and stored at -18^oC. Both particle series were stable after 72 h storage. The desorption experiments were conducted by agitation of determined mass of catechin-loaded particles in PBS for 48 h. The maximum efficiency of catechin desorption from series 1 particles in PBS was 91% in simulated intestinal medium after 48 h. Series 2 catechin-loaded particles exhibited slightly higher desorption extend in PBS. It has to be outlined that the size of series 1 particles significantly decreased, while the dried particles were completely degraded at the end of the experiment.

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27. F. Li, H. Jin, J. Xiao, X. Yin, X. Liu, D. Li, Q., Huang, “The simultaneous loading of catechin and quercetin on chitosan-based nanoparticles as effective antioxidant and antibacterial agent,” Food Research International, vol. 111, pp. 351–360, Sept. 2018.
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28. R. Kaur, R. Rajput, P. Nag, S. Kumar, Rachana, M. Singh, “Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antioxidant properties of catechin hydrate nanoparticles,” Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 39, pp. 398-407, Jun. 2017.
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Zvezdelina Yaneva, Donika Ivanova, "Catechin hydrate desorption from newly-synthesized catechin-loaded biopolymer particles," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 101–105, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.21

The distribution of valence states III and V of radioactive ⁷⁶As after neutron irradiations of thioarsenic compounds has been investigated in arsenic sulphides, optical glasses materials. Compounds were irradiated with neutrons at a flux of 10¹² n cm^-2 s^-1 . The radioisotope formed by (n, γ) reaction is ⁷⁶As with T _1/2= 26.4h. Separations of valence states were performed by electrophoresis. Radiochemical yields of As V were higher than those obtained by other workers in the irradiation of arsenic oxygenated compounds; a similar high yield of Sb V was also found previously on the irradiation of thioantimony compounds and seems to be related to the covalent character of the As-S bond; likewise, internal conversion accounts for the primary oxidation of recoil atoms.

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J. F. Facetti-Masulli, H. D. Colman, "Chemical effects of neutron irradiation on arsenic sulfides," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 106–108, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.22

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of early diagnosis of optic neuritis in patients with anterior uveitis by determining the diameter of the optic nerve using computed tomography of the orbit. The examination and treatment included 114 patients with anterior uveitis and 36 patients with anterior uveitis complicated by optic neuritis. A standard ophthalmological examination was performed and also ocular electrical impedance studies (relative ocular pulse blood filling and ocular blood flow velocity, determination of the diameter of the optic nerve by coherence tomography were performed An increase in the diameter of the optic nerve in eyes with anterior uveitis complicated by neuritis by 7.2, 11.5 and 18.3% was shown relative to paired eyes when measured retrobulbar, in the middle section and in the orbital region. An increase in volumetric pulse blood filling was found in anterior uveitis in the diseased eye relative to the paired eye, especially pronounced in the presence of neuritis (65.4%). The obtained data indicate the possibility of predicting the development of neuritis against the background of anterior uveitis with an increase in the diameter of the optic nerve (according to computed tomography) and the presence of a vascular reaction in the focus of inflammation (according to the results of ocular electrical impedance studies).

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А.V. Kovtun, L.V. Vеngеr, N.I. Khrаmеnkо, "Possibility of early diagnosis of complication of optic nerve neuritis in patients with anterior uveitis according to coherent tomography of the eye orbit," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 109–112, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.23

To compare the influence of classical and modified partial lateral corpectomy in vertebral instability biomechanical studies was performed. The study was carried out on fresh sectional material (9 specimens each with two spinal segments L2-L3) from dogs of non-chondrodystrophic breeds, weighing from 25 to 35 kg, who died from causes that did not cause any pathological changes in the thoracolumbar spine. Fragments of the spinal column were isolated by anatomical preparation, after which the soft tissue structures were removed as much as possible. Computed tomography was performed to exclude any structural changes in the vertebral column. Biomechanical studies were carried out on laboratorial modified UTS 110M-100 and KTS 403-100 universal testing machine. The areas of elastic and plastic deformation, maximum torque, resistance of samples in different parts of the graph, residual deformation were determined. When comparing the areas of elastic deformations in different groups, the following data were obtained. In all groups of samples, a directly proportional relationship between the load and resistance of the samples was obtained. Native vertebral specimens are the most resistant to stress, the next in strength are specimens with modified partial lateral corpectomy, the least durable ones with classical partial lateral corpectomy. The greatest resistance was exerted by native spinal specimens. The maximum torque values were (44.5 ± 1.5) N∙m. To reduce stability, the groups were arranged in the following order: the group with a classical partial lateral corpectomy [maximum value (44.5 ± 1.5) N∙m], with a modified partial lateral corpectomy [maximum value (49.5 ± 0.5) N∙m]. The difference in indicators indicates the possibility of both changing the modulus of the radius vector and the angle between the vector indicated and the direction of the acting force. The values of rotation angles at which a transition from elastic to plastic deformation was observed were also different and amounted to 22.0º ± 1.0º and 28.0º ± 1.0º degrees. The native specimens of the spine proved to be the most resistant to force applied; specimens with modified partial lateral corpectomy were less resistant than native specimens but more resistant then specimens with partial lateral corpectomy. At the same time, the samples with modified partial lateral corpectomy differed little from the native samples.

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N.A. Kozlov, A.A. Oleshkevich, B. Bhattarai, S.V. Pozyabin, "Biomechanics of vertebral column after performing modified partial lateral corpectomy," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 113–117, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.24

The aim of the study was to predict the occurrence of silicosis and asbestosis, resp. from dry or from dry and water drilling in the mines among former miners, and among asbestos exposed workers by determining the duration of dust free period [DFP] – for silicosis, and latent period [LP] – for asbestosis, and to describe some new trends of appearance of early silicotic changes during water drilling in the Bulgarian mines. DFP was investigated among 481 quartz exposed miners, and the LP – among 120 asbestos exposed workers. A retrospective and cross-sectional study, using linear regression analysis for DFP, respectively nonparametric analysis – for mean of LP has been performed. SPSS software package has been used. The DFP has been calculated, using the formula: У= А + Х1.В + Х2.С + Х3.D + Х4.Е, where the regression coefficients were: A (free coefficient), B (age), C (dust exposure duration), D (total dust concentrations), and E (quartz presence in the dust). The coefficients have been of different values for each mine. The average LP up to the occurrence of benign asbestos diseases was about 17.45 years. Conclusions: Calculation of DFP and LP values, together with the knowledge of the number of exposed workers and their exposure makes possible to predict the occurrence of silicosis and benign asbestos diseases in future.

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Elisaveta Petrova, "Appearance of silicosis and asbestosis in dust exposed workers," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 118–120, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.25

During long-duration space flights outside the Earth’s magnetosphere, exposure to galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles may lead to early damage to human central nervous system, causing operator activity impairments in astronauts. A conditioned instrumental performance involving saccadic eye movements and manual reactions was studied in two nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta). One monkey was exposed to a single cranial proton irradiation (170 MeV, 3 Gy). For the other control animal irradiation was simulated. Proton irradiation had no negative effects on instrumental performance during three months after irradiation. However, irradiated monkey showed an increase in saccadic and manual response latencies started at the one month after irradiation and observed next two months. No such effects were found in control monkey. Thus system processes, crucial for conditioned instrumental behaviour, turned out to be widely resistant to proton irradiation, although increase in saccadic and manual response latencies suggests its early negative effects on integrative and executive brain mechanisms.

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L.V. Tereshchenko, I.D. Shamsiev, I.V. Bondar, E.A. Krasavin, A.V. Latanov, "Disturbances in visuomotor behaviour of nonhuman primates after cranial irradiation with high-energy protons," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 121–125, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.26

The paper highlights topical issues of the drill cuttings radioecological safety assessment in the process of waste management. Particular attention is paid to the necessity for continuous radioecological research and well-timed receipt of their results. The conducted research allows to solve the scientific and practical problem of radioecological studies optimization during management of drilling waste by development of the new methodical approach to their processing and interpretation. The most widespread natural radionuclides Th²³², Ra²²⁶, K⁴⁰ were selected as the focus group. An example of experimental determining the drill cuttings radiological properties depending on the depth of drilling is given. The results of these works were analyzed using the methods of regression and correlation analysis. The regression dependence of the specific effective radioactivity on the sampling depth for the investigated well is obtained. An approach using the obtained dependences as calibration graphs for a preliminary radiological assessment of drill cuttings of a similar genesis is proposed. The logical-informational model that implements this approach is described. It is shown that the use of the logical-informational model optimizes the decision-making process on the suitability of drill cuttings for their utilization to a useful product – soil-like reclamation mixtures.

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Violetta Kusheeva, Sergey Ostakh, "Data enhancement of radioecological research during drilling waste utilization to reclamation mixtures," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 126–131, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.27

Authors developed a classifier that allows to identify the features of rhythm regulation according to the cows’ heart activity. That has become possible as a result of studying of the heart rhythm of healthy cows of different age and functional status (pregnancy, lactation) and the mathematical analysis of the results obtained. Quantitative parameters are given to estimate the tone of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the function of automatism and the stability of the regulations. The method of mathematical analysis allows to control the work of the heart, the regulation of blood circulation and other parameters. The quantitative parameters of the mathematical analysis of heart rhythm in connection with the degree of adaptation of the animal were revealed. That can serve as a scientific basis for further determination of the functional and biological characteristics of productive animals at different stages of the physiological cycle.

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A.A. Oleshkevich, T.V. Ippolitova, S.V. Pozdnyakov, A.M. Nosovskiy, "Main physiological parameters of the heart rhythm of cows and the mathematical analysis of its variability," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 132–137, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.28

The effective isolation of radioactive waste (RW) from the environment is the main problem for the further development of nuclear power. The main phases in titanate-based ceramics are perovskite, rutile, zirconolite and murataite. Murataite grains have a zonal structure with high content of rare earth elements at the center of structure and low content of these at edges, that precludes their leaching in contact with a solution. Murataite-based ceramics containing simulated rare earth elements of high level waste (HLW) were produced via melting of oxide mixtures in a resistance furnace at 1500°C. All samples were composed of mainly murataite and minor perovskite, crichtonite, zirconolite, and pyrophanite/ilmenite phases. Thus, murataite is the dominant host phase for a sample containing zirconium oxide. All samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Elemental leaching rates from the ceramic with low perovskite content were lower by one order of magnitude then leaching rates for high perovskite content.

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S.S. Danilov, A.V. Frolova, S.E. Vinokurov, S.V. Yudintsev, B.F. Myasoedov, "Titanate-based ceramic as a matrix for curium and rare earth elements fraction of radioactive waste immobilization," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 138–141, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.29

Field studies on the pre-operational period of a Belarusian NPP have allowed us to determine the “background” level of gamma-emitting radionuclides in individual components of the environment. The results of measuring the dose rate at the NPP construction site are from 0.048 to 0.089 μSv/h. External radiation in the surveyed area is at 96% due to ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th. The radionuclides in the surface soil layer are: ⁴⁰K – from 530 to 700 Bq/kg; ²²⁶Ra – from 30 to 55 Bq/kg; and ²³²Th – from 17 to 35 Bq/kg; ¹³⁷Cs from 2 to 13 Bq/kg. The dose rate in the floodplain of the Viliya River from 0.033 to 0.082 μSv/h. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the surface soil layer of the floodplain of the Viliya River are: ⁴⁰K – from 390 to 690 Bq/kg; ²²⁶Ra – from 33 to 50 Bq/kg; ²³²Th – from 15 to 50 Bq/kg; ¹³⁷Cs – from 3 to 12 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of carbon-14 and tritium in the dominant vegetation species were determined to be: from 74.4 to 111.5 pMC and less than lower range limit, respectively.

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E.I. Nazarov, A.A. Ekidin, A.V. Vasiljev, M.E. Vasyanovich, A.O. Nichiporchuk, V.A. Kozhemyakin, I.A. Kapustin, I.A. Privalov, E.V. Parkhomchuk, S.A. Rastigeev, V.V. Parkhomchuk, "Radiological assessment of the Belarusian nuclear power plant site in the pre-operational period," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 142–148, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.30

Radiation Exposure is the main hazard in medical x-rays investigations. The objective of this work was to study the attended radiation dose measured in the Majmaah area. Furthermore, to measure the radiation dose level for different examinations in conventional x-rays. Thus, conventional x-rays examination of traumatic patients. A sample of 700 patients was evaluated using at King Khaled Hospital- Majmaah. The average and range of exposure parameters were 73.5 ± 9.1 (65.9 – 124.9) KVp and 2.7 ± 0.71 (0.2 – 9.6) mAs for X-ray exposure factors, respectively. The measured Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) dose for chest (PA), skull ((AP) and (LAT.)), Lumbosacral ((AP) and (LAT.)) In addition, knee joints ((AP) and (LAT.)) were 0.20 + 0.07 with range of (0.13-0.37) mGy, (0.86 ± 0.01) with range of (0.09 – 2.92) mGy and 0.09 + 0.02 with range of (0.04 -0.17) mGy, (0.10 ± 0.02 with range of (0.04 – 0.17) mGy and 0.1 + 0.02 with range of (0.03 -0.16) mGy and 0.86 ± 0.01 with range of (0.09 – 2.92) mGy respectively. The study was concluded that most of the procedures were done in King Khalid Hospital-Majmaah were in the permissible limits. In dose measurement techniques, the machine and patient-related factors must be fixed for accurate results.

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Yousif Abdallah, "Estimation of radiation dosage for traumatic patients in Majmaah area, Saudi Arabia," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 149–154, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.31

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a serious problem for modern healthcare. The most common manifestations of the papillomavirus infection include anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer. The purpose of the work is to determine the economic feasibility of preventing cervical cancer in Ukraine by introducing a continuous vaccination against a papilloma virus infection. Markov simulation was used to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) based on epidemiological data on morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer in Ukraine. Taking into account the accepted assumptions and limitations of the introduction of HPV vaccination in Ukraine, it will prevent 1380 cervical cancer cases, preserve 2058 quality-adjusted life years and the reduce the cost of medical care for cervical cancer in the amount of $1,479,972. The amount of additional costs for the vaccine and its introduction is $12,009,684 (all results per 100,000 vaccinated persons). The ICER index is $4,729, which is 1.4 times higher the gross domestic product in Ukraine per 1 person in 2019 ($3,464). Taking into account the actual cost of the vaccine, vaccination against HPV infection with a view of preventing cervical cancer in Ukraine is currently economically feasible.

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Serhii Hryshchuk, Alla Harlinska, Nataliya Korneichuk, "The evaluation of economic feasibility of cancer prevention by vaccination from papillomavirus infection in Ukraine," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 155–160, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.32

Radioactive isotopes such as ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs are used as indicators of processes associated with the transfer of matter from the atmosphere. There are no widely known data on studies of the joint seasonal atmospheric flux of ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb_atm, based on the study of integrated snow samples accumulated in winter periods in territory of Western Siberia. Study of snow cover can provide information on the total flux of ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb to the Earth’s surface over the entire period of snow accumulation without separation of the dry or wet components. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs deposition as a part of the atmospheric precipitation in the Arctic and south regions of Western Siberia in winter period. As a result of the research, data on the joint deposition of ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs in integral snow samples, including atmospheric precipitation, dust, and aerosols, in the Arctic (for 7 months) and southern (for 5 months) regions of Western Siberia were firstly obtained. A comparative analysis of the data shows that, despite the difference in geographic location, the concentration of ⁷Be in the snow water of the Arctic (248.0 mBq L^-1) and south (265.4 mBq L^-1) regions is almost equal. At the same time, the specific activity of ²¹⁰Pb in the suspended matter of snow waters sampled in the southern region is 1.6 times higher, which may indicate a much higher level of dust material intake in winter.

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Kseniya Mezina, Mikhail Melgunov, Dmitriy Belyanin, "⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs in atmospheric deposition of southern and arctic regions of western Siberia," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 161–166, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.33

The aim is to study the possibilities of ultrasound diagnostics used in assessing the prevalence of the tumor process, its structure, and the degree of fixation or ingrowth of the tumor thrombus into the venous wall. The research was conducted in the Urological Department of the A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery. 41 patients suffering from RCC complicated by the intraluminal venous invasion into the renal vein and/or IVC aged 39 – 80 years were treated. 15 women and 26 men took part in the research. The level of thrombus spreading, the extent of its fixation and ingrowth inside the vascular wall, its structure and vascularization are of major importance for the planning of operation technique and predicting treatment outcomes. An algorithm for evaluating a tumor thrombus during ultrasound examination was developed based on the analysis of data from patients with RCC with renal and/or IVC tumor invasion. The presented algorithm of ultrasound examination allows us to determine the level of spread, structure and possible invasion of a tumor thrombus most accurately, thereby determining the volume of surgical intervention and, in some cases, leading to its reduction.

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Yulia A. Stepanova, Olesya A. Chekhoeva, Viktoriya A. Kopacheva, Vlada Yu. Raguzina, Madina Kadyrova, Alexander A. Gritskevich, Tatiana P. Baytman, Irina V. Miroshkina, Zholboldu Polotbek uulu, Alina A. Chevina, Alexander A. Teplov, "Multimodal ultrasonic diagnosis at the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with the intraluminal venous invasion into inferior vena cava system," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 167–172, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.34

As part of our efforts to develop efficient extractants for highly alkaline high-level waste at the Savannah River Site, extraction studies of Sm(III) by three types of sulfonamide ligands have been carried out. Aqueous phases of various alkalinity (pH 10 - 14) were used, while dichloromethane was the organic phase. Analysis of the aqueous phases by the Arsenazo-III UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was carried out following stripping of the organic phases with 0.1 M HNO3. The results indicate that all three types of sulfonamides exhibit strong Sm(III) extraction and recovery at pH range of 10-11.5 in the presence of an organic base (triethylamine). A UV-Vis titration study of disulfonamide (DSA-7) with Sm(III) is indicative of 1:1 M/L complexation in solution in accordance with our previously published work with analogous disulfonamides.

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Xinrui Zhang, Oluwaseun W. Adedoyin, Maria L. Masferrer Bertoli, Evgen V. Govor, Konstantinos Kavallieratos, "Sulfonamide ligand frameworks for Sm(III) extraction from alkaline high-level waste" RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 173–178, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.35

The global climate change in the recent years has increased the interest to atmospheric irradiation monitoring in wider format. Additionally to Gamma-ray and X-ray sensors, UV-C, UV-B and UV-A sensing systems has been developed to respond to the human expectations about sustainable life and to prevent them from hostile factors. The deeper penetration of UV sensor equipment and dense disperse of monitoring points will improve further the accuracy of measurements, accuracy of forecasting and will convince the citizens in the responsibility of researchers and their work. This work presents UV sensing equipment developed for remote monitoring. Solutions include complex system of narrow band UV sensors, datalogging units, wi-fi communication devices, solar PV charging and Li-Ion energy storing equipment. Most of the components and software technologies are based on opensource platforms and approaches as well as internet-shared results. The analysis of results from 3 UV sensor systems already installed in 3 high-mountain monitoring locations reveals local UV spectral variations. The performance of UV sensors has been evaluated. The collected database during two-year field measurements is prepared for training and development of algorithms for short-term UV forecasting.

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N. Tyutyundzhiev, Ch. Angelov, K. Lovchinov, T. Arsov, H. Nitchev, "Solar UV irradiation monitoring in Bulgaria using narrow-band digital sensors and open-source InfluxDB database," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 179–184, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.36

Since a few decades, proton therapy is being widely used for cancer treatment, with minimal dose to healthy tissues and surrounding organs. Recent studies have suggested that the efficacy of proton therapy could be enhanced if natural boron is selectively accumulated in the tumor tissues. Such an increase is attributed to the proton-boron fusion reaction that leads to the production of low-energy α-particles (~2.9 MeV), a mechanism that resembles the well-known Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. However, analytical calculations and detailed Monte Carlo simulations with GEANT4, both in a macro- and micro-dosimetry approach, indicate that the effect of the p+¹¹B→3α reaction, at the standard Boron concentration levels (less than 100 ppm), is orders of magnitude lower than the one of the primary proton beam inside the tissues. In an attempt to solve this discrepancy, an experimental campaign will be carried out with a low-energy proton beam at the CNA laboratory, in Seville. In this talk, we present the latest results of detailed calculations and Geant4 simulations of the dose related to PBCT and describe the concept at the basis of the proposed experimental activity on the PBCT efficacy.

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M. Mastromarco, A. Digennaro, A. Mazzone, P. Finocchiaro, J. Praena, I. Porras, N. Colonna, "Proton boron capture therapy: Dose calculations and a possible new measurement," RAD Conf. Proc, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 185–189, http://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.37